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In collaboration with Dr. Steven Weinman, M.D., Ph.D. (Director of the Liver Center at University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas), Cardax evaluated the capacity for a proprietary astaxanthin (ASTX) prodrug (CDX-085) to ameliorate oxidative stress-induced hepatic dysfunction in an animal model of disease. In unstressed mice, an 11-day oral administration of 500mg/kg of CDX-085 to mice delivered high levels of ASTX to plasma and liver and importantly liver mitochondria. Eight weeks of CDX-085 treatment (500mg/kg...

By Timothy J. King, Ph.D., Vice President, Research, and A. David Hieber, Ph.D., Associate Director, Biology Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) T2DM is one of the most common age related diseases both in the U.S. and internationally. In 2012, approximately 29.1 million people in the U.S. were currently diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in addition to as many as 8.1 million (28%) estimated remaining undiagnosed [1]. In addition, approximately 86 million are pre-diabetic...

By Timothy J. King, Ph.D., Vice President, Research Osteoarthritis Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, a chronic disease of aging.  Effective and safe long-term treatment for most OA patients is not available, creating a large unmet medical need. The potential market for OA is very large, where it is estimated that more than 150 million middle class people globally suffer from OA.  Symptomatic knee OA alone affects roughly 12% of persons...

By Timothy J. King, Ph.D., Vice President, Research The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in liver injury and liver dysfunction as well as the potential for antioxidants to ameliorate liver disease has been established in both animal models and human trials [Sanchez-Valle et al. 2012; Pacana and Sanyal 2012]. Studies utilizing rodent models of liver disease have also demonstrated the efficacy of astaxanthin (ASTX) in ameliorating liver injury [Kang et al. 2001; Curek et...

By Timothy J. King, Ph.D., Vice President, Research The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in liver injury and liver dysfunction as well as the potential for antioxidants to ameliorate liver disease has been established in both animal models and human trials [Sanchez-Valle et al. 2012; Pacana and Sanyal 2012]. Studies utilizing rodent models of liver disease have also demonstrated the efficacy of astaxanthin (ASTX) in ameliorating liver injury [Kang et al. 2001; Curek et…